uncleflo
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Term Frequency and Inverse Document Frequency (tf-idf) Using Tidy Data Principles
Saved by uncleflo on December 23rd, 2018.
A central question in text mining and natural language processing is how to quantify what a document is about. Can we do this by looking at the words that make up the document? One measure of how important a word may be is its term frequency (tf), how frequently a word occurs in a document. There are words in a document, however, that occur many times but may not be important; in English, these are probably words like “the”, “is”, “of”, and so forth. We might take the approach of adding words like these to a list of stop words and removing them before analysis, but it is possible that some of these words might be more important in some documents than others. A list of stop words is not a sophisticated approach to adjusting term frequency for commonly used words. Another approach is to look at a term’s inverse document frequency (idf), which decreases the weight for commonly used words and increases the weight for words that are not used very much in a collection of documents. This can be combined with term frequency to calculate a term’s tf-idf, the frequency of a term adjusted for how rarely it is used. It is intended to measure how important a word is to a document in a collection (or corpus) of documents. It is a rule-of-thumb or heuristic quantity; while it has proved useful in text mining, search engines, etc., its theoretical foundations are considered less than firm by information theory experts.
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tf–idf - Wikipedia
Saved by uncleflo on December 23rd, 2018.
In information retrieval, tf–idf or TFIDF, short for term frequency–inverse document frequency, is a numerical statistic that is intended to reflect how important a word is to a document in a collection or corpus. It is often used as a weighting factor in searches of information retrieval, text mining, and user modeling. The tf–idf value increases proportionally to the number of times a word appears in the document and is offset by the number of documents in the corpus that contain the word, which helps to adjust for the fact that some words appear more frequently in general. Tf–idf is one of the most popular term-weighting schemes today; 83% of text-based recommender systems in digital libraries use tf–idf. Variations of the tf–idf weighting scheme are often used by search engines as a central tool in scoring and ranking a document's relevance given a user query. tf–idf can be successfully used for stop-words filtering in various subject fields, including text summarization and classification. One of the simplest ranking functions is computed by summing the tf–idf for each query term; many more sophisticated ranking functions are variants of this simple model.
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Weighting words using Tf-Idf - NLP-FOR-HACKERS
Saved by uncleflo on December 23rd, 2018.
If I ask you “Do you remember the article about electrons in NY Times?” there’s a better chance you will remember it than if I asked you “Do you remember the article about electrons in the Physics books?”. Here’s why: an article about electrons in NY Times is far less common than in a collection of physics books. It is less likely to stumble upon the “electron” concept in NY Times than in a physics book. Let’s consider now the scenario of a single article. Suppose you read an article and you’re asked to rank the concepts found in the article by importance. The chances are you’ll basically order the concepts by frequency. The reason is simply that important stuff would be mentioned repeatedly because the narrative gravitates around them. Combining the 2 insights, given a term, a document and a collection of documents we can loosely say that:importance ~ appearances(term, document) / count(documents containing term in collection).
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