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Saved by uncleflo on April 4th, 2015.
The heterogeneity in a composite material is introduced due to not only its bi-phase or in some cases multi-phase composition, but also laminations. This leads to a distinctly different stress strain behaviour in the case of laminates. The anisotropy caused due to fibre orientations and the resulting extension-shear and bending-twisting coupling as well as the extension-bending coupling developed due to unsymmetric lamination add to the complexities. A clear understanding of the constitutive equations of a composite laminate is thus desirable before these are used in analysis and design of composite structures. In this chapter, we first introduce to the readers the basic constitutive equations for a general three-dimensional anisotropic material with and without material symmetry, elastic constants and compliances and their relations to engineering constants, as well as transformation laws for elastic constants and compliances for both three and two-dimensional cases.
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